Assessment of cardiovascular system adaptability in Khaini users

Abstract

Background: Khaini is a widely used form of smokeless tobacco in India. Cigarette smoking has extensive effects on cardiovascular functions. Khaini is tobacco with slaked lime. Aims: This study aimed to determine the effect of Khaini on cardiovascular system adaptability to exercise. Materials and Methods: Cardiovascular functions were assessed after maximal exercise testing by recording parameters like maximum heart rate, delta heart rate, recovery heart rate and maximum oxygen pulse in two groups′ viz., Khaini users and non-users. Results: On studying the differences in cardiovascular functions in users and controls, there was significant difference in maximum heart rate. The other parameters like delta heart rate and maximum oxygen pulse were on the higher side in controls while the recovery heart rate was significantly lower in the control group which was consistently maintained after exercise testing. Conclusion: Based on these findings there is a higher adaptability of the cardiovascular system to the exercise stimulus in the form of better VO 2 max, faster recovery of the exercise heart rate, and a higher delta heart rate in non-Khaini users.

Keywords

• Delta heart rate
• khaini
• maximal exercise testing
• maximum heart rate
• maximum oxygen pulse