The effect of different concentrations of heavy metals ions on the callusogenesis and generation of superoxide cucumber and radish calluses

Abstract

Background. The effect of heavy metals (HM) on plants in vivo has been studied in detail, in contrast to the effect of HM on plant cell cultures. At the same time, it is known that responses to stress in a plant and cell culture can vary greatly. In this regard, it is necessary to study in detail the resistance of cell cultures in vitro to HM, followed by the development of ways to increase the metal resistance of plants. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of various doses of HM – copper, nickel, zinc and lead ions in the culture medium on callus formation and generation of superoxide anion radical in cucumber and radish callus. Materials and methods. The callus of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., variety Unity) and radish (Raphanus sativus L., variety Red Giant) were taken as the object of the study. The experiment included obtaining a callus culture of cucumber and radish, followed by transplantation to a Murashige-Skuga medium (MS) containing TM salts in concentrations from 10 mcМ to 1 mM. Ions of heavy metal in low concentrations stimulated the formation and growth of callus, while in high concentrations strongly inhibited callus formation and growth. A number of HM toxicity for radish and cucumber calluses is given. Results. Long-term (4-6 weeks) cultivation of callus cultures on media with the addition of various doses of HM ions had a differentiated effect on the rate of generation of superoxide anion radical. Conclusions. The unequal influence of HM ions and their concentrations on the generation of superoxide in cucumber and radish callus was revealed, which may indicate the processes of adaptation to HM cultures in vitro.

Keywords

• cucumber
• radish
• heavy metals
• callus
• growth
• superoxide anion