Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Feb 2024)
Iodine oxoacids and their roles in sub-3 nm particle growth in polluted urban environments
- Y. Zhang,
- Y. Zhang,
- Y. Zhang,
- D. Li,
- D. Li,
- X.-C. He,
- X.-C. He,
- W. Nie,
- W. Nie,
- C. Deng,
- R. Cai,
- Y. Liu,
- Y. Liu,
- Y. Guo,
- C. Liu,
- C. Liu,
- Y. Li,
- L. Chen,
- L. Chen,
- Y. Li,
- Y. Li,
- C. Hua,
- T. Liu,
- Z. Wang,
- J. Xie,
- L. Wang,
- L. Wang,
- T. Petäjä,
- F. Bianchi,
- X. Qi,
- X. Qi,
- X. Chi,
- X. Chi,
- P. Paasonen,
- Y. Liu,
- C. Yan,
- C. Yan,
- J. Jiang,
- A. Ding,
- A. Ding,
- M. Kulmala,
- M. Kulmala,
- M. Kulmala,
- M. Kulmala
Affiliations
- Y. Zhang
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Y. Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Y. Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- D. Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- D. Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- X.-C. He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- X.-C. He
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
- W. Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- W. Nie
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- C. Deng
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- R. Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Y. Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Y. Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- Y. Guo
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- C. Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- C. Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- Y. Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- L. Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- L. Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- Y. Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Y. Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- C. Hua
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- T. Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Z. Wang
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- J. Xie
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- L. Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- L. Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- T. Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- F. Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- X. Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- X. Qi
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- X. Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- X. Chi
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- P. Paasonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Y. Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- C. Yan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- C. Yan
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- J. Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- A. Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- A. Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- M. Kulmala
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- M. Kulmala
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- M. Kulmala
- Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- M. Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1873-2024
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 24
pp. 1873 – 1893
Abstract
New particle formation contributes significantly to the number concentration of ultrafine particles (UFPs, d ≤ 100 nm) and has a great impact on human health and global climate. Iodine oxoacids (HIOx, including iodic acid, HIO3, and iodous acid, HIO2) have been observed in pristine regions and proved to dominate new particle formation (NPF) at some sites. However, the knowledge of HIOx in polluted urban areas is rather limited. Here, we conducted a long-term measurements of gaseous iodine oxoacids and sulfuric acid in Beijing from January 2019 to October 2021 and also in Nanjing from March 2019 to February 2020 and investigated the contribution of HIOx to UFP number concentration in both urban environments. HIO3 is highest in summer, up to 2.85 × 106 and 2.78 × 106 cm−3 in Beijing and Nanjing, respectively, and is lowest in winter by 96 % and 75 %, respectively. HIO3 exhibits more prominent variation than H2SO4 in both urban sites. HIO3 concentration shows a clear diurnal pattern at both sites with a daily maximum at around noontime, similar to the atmospheric temperature, solar radiation, and ozone (O3) levels. HIO2 concentration has the same diurnal and seasonal trend as HIO3 but is overall about an order of magnitude lower than HIO3 concentration. Back trajectory analysis suggests that the sources for inland iodine species could be a mix of marine and terrestrial origins, with both having peak iodine emission in warm seasons. While the contribution of HIO2 to particle growth is marginal in Beijing and Nanjing, our results demonstrate that HIO3 enhances the particle survival probability of sub-3 nm particles by about 40 % (median) and occasionally by more than 100 % in NPF events, suggesting HIOx are significant contributor to UFPs in polluted urban areas. As the growth contribution from HIO3 and H2SO4 is similar on a per-molecule basis, we propose that the sum of HIO3 and H2SO4 could be used to estimate sub-3 nm particle growth of inorganic acid origin in polluted atmospheres with a significant amount of HIOx.
