Metabolomics investigation on the volatile and non-volatile composition in enzymatic hydrolysates of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Abstract

To investigate the differences of volatile and non-volatile metabolites between oyster enzymatic hydrolysates and boiling concentrates, molecular sensory analysis and untargeted metabolomics were employed. “Grassy,” “fruity,” “oily/fatty,” “fishy,” and “metallic” were identified as sensory attributes used to evaluate different processed oyster homogenates. Sixty-nine and 42 volatiles were identified by gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. Pentanal, 1-penten-3-ol, hexanal, (E)-2-pentenal, heptanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 4-octanone, (E)-4-heptenal, 3-octanone, octanal, nonanal, 1-octen-3-ol, benzaldehyde, (E)-2-nonenal, and (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal were detected as the key odorants (OAV > 1) after enzymatic hydrolysis. Hexanal, (E)-4-heptenal, and (E)-2-pentenal were significantly associated with off-odor, and 177 differential metabolites were classified. Aspartate, glutamine, alanine, and arginine were the key precursors affecting the flavor profile. Linking sensory descriptors to volatile and nonvolatile components of different processed oyster homogenates will provide information for the process and quality improvement of oyster products.

Keywords

• Oyster
• Enzymatic hydrolysis
• Metabolomics
• Flavor formation