Effect of Postdismissal Pharmacist Visits for Patients Using High-Risk Medications

Abstract

Objective: To determine whether a pharmacist visit after hospital dismissal for patients taking at least 1 medication that places patients at high risk for emergent hospital admissions (termed high-risk medication) would decrease the risk of hospital readmission at 30 days compared with usual care. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study at a tertiary care center conducted from July 26, 2013, through April 1, 2016. We reviewed outcomes among patients who did or did not have a post–hospital dismissal pharmacist visit immediately before a clinician visit. We included patients who were at least 18 years old and were taking at least 10 total medications at hospital dismissal, 1 or more of which were high-risk medications. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the risk of 30-day readmission between the groups. Results: The study cohort included 502 patients in each group (pharmacist + clinician group and clinician-only group). After adjusting for differences in background demographic characteristics, patients in the pharmacist + clinician group were significantly less likely to be readmitted to the hospital within 30 days postdismissal compared with the clinician-only group (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.35-0.69; P<.001). Conclusion: Patients seen by a pharmacist immediately before a clinician visit after hospital dismissal had a lower risk of readmission than patients who had a clinician-only visit. Patients taking high-risk medications for hospital admissions are ideal candidates for pharmacist involvement.