Patients with immune system deficiencies and their predisposition to sepsis - the current state of knowledge.

Abstract

Many diseases compromise the immune status. Some of them are congenital, and environmental factors induce others. As a result, patients are more prone to other diseases that would not match their clinical presentation at first sight. The main categories include primary and secondary immunodeficiency. Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of congenital diseases characterised by incomplete innate or acquired immunity pathways. Secondary immunodeficiency is the result of the immune system being compromised due to an environmental factor, such as specific viruses. The clinical presentation of immunodeficiency tends to be apparent at first sight as diagnostic criteria include recurrent infections of severity that are incoherent with age-related risk factors. Late diagnosis may lead to conditions such as sepsis due to severe infection. Every specialist has his own points of view on the factors that lead to sepsis, but all of them should keep in mind the possibility that a patient develops sepsis. To see the different points of view, we reviewed the literature on patients with immunodeficiency-related sepsis treated by clinicians of different specialities to find factors leading to such complications.

Keywords

• sepsis
• immune system
• immunodeficiency
• covid-19
• transplantation
• immunosuppression