Вестник Православного Свято-Тихоновского гуманитарного университета: Серия I. Богословие, философия (Dec 2021)
The apophatic theology in the philosophical studies of Jacques Derrida: the experience of pure prayer and the analogic language of the hymn
Abstract
This article examines the image of negative theology in the works of Jacques Derrida using the example of the theology of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite. In his essay “How to Avoid Speaking: Denials”, Derrida refers to the texts of Dionysius to clarify his stance on negative theology and to answer the question how it can be compared with the main provisions of deconstruction. Derrida marks the boundary that separates deconstruction from the strategies of negative theology presented in the Areopagitics, placing it in the “ontological wager of hyperessentiality” inherent to negative theology. According to Derrida, the desire to transcend being, which is typical for Dionysius and other authors of the Christian apophasis, is constituted by the “intuitive telos”, the hyperessential referent of speech, the inevitability of which is contained in the very structure of language. One of the forms of detection of this “intuitive telos” is “addressing to another”, which is manifested in prayer and praise included in the discourse of negative theology. Speaking of prayer, Derrida understands it very strictly and narrowly, as an act of addressing to another, expressed in a request, search for a help, plea, etc., without any form of predication, including the naming the addressee. In this regard, the Christian prayer of Dionysius is not what Derrida calls a “pure experience of prayer”, since it contains elements of the hymn, in particular an indication of the Trinity and hyperessentiality of God. In both Derrida and Dionysius, prayer is a mode of access to the mystery beyond affi rmation and negation. But if the mystery of unknowing of Dionysius tends to be the mystery of the Trinity, then, in the case of Derrida, we are talking about the mystery of the total otherness of God not only “without Being”, but also outside of Revelation. The article shows that the theology of Dionysius the Areopagite, which does not distinguish between prayer and hymn, is an example of apophasis in derridianist deconstructivist view, which fails to maintain the purity of its principle and leans towards an ontotheological disposition.
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