The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
NEID Reveals That the Young Warm Neptune TOI-2076 b Has a Low Obliquity
- Robert C. Frazier,
- Gudmundur Stefánsson,
- Suvrath Mahadevan,
- Samuel W. Yee,
- Caleb I. Cañas,
- Joshua N. Winn,
- Jacob Luhn,
- Fei Dai,
- Lauren Doyle,
- Heather Cegla,
- Shubham Kanodia,
- Paul Robertson,
- John Wisniewski,
- Chad F. Bender,
- Jiayin Dong,
- Arvind F. Gupta,
- Samuel Halverson,
- Suzanne Hawley,
- Leslie Hebb,
- Rae Holcomb,
- Adam Kowalski,
- Jessica Libby-Roberts,
- Andrea S. J. Lin,
- Michael W. McElwain,
- Joe P. Ninan,
- Cristobal Petrovich,
- Arpita Roy,
- Christian Schwab,
- Ryan C. Terrien,
- Jason T. Wright
Affiliations
- Robert C. Frazier
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Gudmundur Stefánsson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA; NASA Sagan Fellow
- Suvrath Mahadevan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA; ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics & Astrophysics , Switzerland
- Samuel W. Yee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
- Caleb I. Cañas
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
- Joshua N. Winn
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
- Jacob Luhn
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Fei Dai
- ORCiD
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA; Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Lauren Doyle
- ORCiD
- Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Heather Cegla
- ORCiD
- Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Shubham Kanodia
- ORCiD
- Earth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC, 20015, USA
- Paul Robertson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- John Wisniewski
- ORCiD
- George Mason University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4400 University Drive, MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
- Chad F. Bender
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Jiayin Dong
- ORCiD
- Center for Computational Astrophysics , Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10010, USA
- Arvind F. Gupta
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Samuel Halverson
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
- Suzanne Hawley
- ORCiD
- Astronomy Department, Box 351580, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Leslie Hebb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics , Hobart and William Smith Colleges, 300 Pulteney Street, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
- Rae Holcomb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Adam Kowalski
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder , 2000 Colorado Ave., Boulder, CO, 80305, USA; National Solar Observatory, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA; Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder , 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
- Jessica Libby-Roberts
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Andrea S. J. Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Michael W. McElwain
- ORCiD
- Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
- Joe P. Ninan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
- Cristobal Petrovich
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute for Astrophysics , Chile
- Arpita Roy
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Christian Schwab
- ORCiD
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Ryan C. Terrien
- ORCiD
- Carleton College , One North College St., Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
- Jason T. Wright
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acba18
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 944,
no. 2
p. L41
Abstract
TOI-2076 b is a sub-Neptune-sized planet ( R = 2.39 ± 0.10 R _⊕ ) that transits a young (204 ± 50 MYr) bright ( V = 9.2) K-dwarf hosting a system of three transiting planets. Using spectroscopic observations obtained with the NEID spectrograph on the WIYN 3.5 m Telescope, we model the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect of TOI-2076 b, and derive a sky-projected obliquity of $\lambda =-{3}_{-15}^{+16^\circ }$ . Using the size of the star ( R = 0.775 ± 0.015 R _⊙ ), and the stellar rotation period ( P _rot = 7.27 ± 0.23 days), we estimate an obliquity of $\psi ={18}_{-9}^{+10^\circ }$ ( ψ < 34° at 95% confidence), demonstrating that TOI-2076 b is in a well-aligned orbit. Simultaneous diffuser-assisted photometry from the 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory rules out flares during the transit. TOI-2076 b joins a small but growing sample of young planets in compact multi-planet systems with well-aligned orbits, and is the fourth planet with an age ≲300 Myr in a multi-transiting system with an obliquity measurement. The low obliquity of TOI-2076 b and the presence of transit timing variations in the system suggest the TOI-2076 system likely formed via convergent disk migration in an initially well-aligned disk.
Keywords
