THE FORMATION OF THE NUTRIENT REGIME OF THE SOUTHERN BLACK SOIL UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS FOR CULTIVATION OF SPRING GRAIN CROPS

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies conducted with spring grain crops during 2014–2018 in the experimental field of the educational, scientific and practical center of the Nikolaev National Agrarian University. Years of studies on temperature were typical for the southern Steppe of Ukraine, they differed in the amount of precipitation during the growing season. It was given the data of studies of the influence of mineral fertilizers on the content of mobile nutrients in the southern Chernozem for the cultivation of spring wheat and barley. It was found the use of mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen, in moderate doses in combination with phosphorus, significantly improved the nutrient regime of the studied crops during their vegetation. By optimizing nutrition through the use of fertilizers for the growth and development of plants and maintaining soil fertility, more favorable conditions were created. It was determined at the end of the growing season of spring grain crops the content of mobile nutrients in the soil was significantly reduced, which was associated with the use of NPK on the formation of productivity of the studied crops and their partial redistribution along the soil profile. Research has also found that in the appearance of fertilized options, and especially when the foliar top-dressings of mineral fertilizers are used for growth of regulating preparations, the content of mobile NPK remains higher in comparison with the soil of unfertilized control after the end of the growing season of spring crops. This indicates a positive aftermath of fertilizer applied for subsequent crops.

Keywords

• spring wheat and barley
• mineral fertilizers
• nutrient regime
• nutrition optimization
• mobile forms of nitrogen
• phosphorus and potassium