Relations Gln27Glu polymorphism β2-adrenoceptor gene with bronchial asthma

Abstract

Purpose – to analyze scientific literature data on the link between Gln27Glu polymorphism gene of β2-adrenergic receptors development and bronchial asthma (BA) severity, level of control. Results. This article analyzes the literature on risk, severity and level of asthma control based on genetic characteristics of patients. Numerical studies have shown that gene Gln27Glu polymorphism ADBR2 affect the development and severity of asthma control level that allows to modify the treatment strategy. According to data of WHO approximately 300 million people suffer from asthma around the world. BA – is a polygenic disease with complex inheritance type. There are two basic approaches to the study of candidate genes that provoke multifactorial disease: use of candidate genes (method of candidate mapping) and "genome scan" or "positional cloning". Full henome search of gene predisposition to asthma is the most effective. At present it is known that there are more than 100 genes predisposition to asthma. β2-adrenergic receptors (ADRB2) play an important role in the regulation of contractile elements in the airway wall, because mutations of the gene encoding it, involved in the development of asthma. ADRB2 gene was cloned for the first time in 1987 by Kobilka V. K. et al. ADRB2 gene does not contain introns nor in coding part, neither in untranslated sequences, so it can be attributed to a single superfamily of receptors coupled with G-proteins. Marsh D.G. et al. (1994) and Meyers D.A. et al. (1999) reported about the clutch 5q chromosome areas with BA for the first time (the credible association chromosome 5q31 area with bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). The most common and studied polymorphism is polymorphism with of amino acid substitutions Gln27Glu, which causes a decrease in the number of receptors on the surface of the bronchi cells after interaction with β2-agonists and promotes BHR. Conclusions. Analysis of Gln27Glu polymorphism gene Gln27Glu ADRB2 connection at risk and severity of BA showed mixed results, which can be explained by the existence of the possible for each population specific set of candidate genes. Research on Gln27Glu polymorphism gene ADRB2 association with risk of development, severity and efficiency of basic treatment BA has not been conducted in Ukraine. Further researches of this problem in Ukraine are needed.

Keywords

• Bronchial Asthma
• Genetic Polymorphism
• Receptors-Adrenergic