Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2024)
Negative triangularity scenarios: from TCV and AUG experiments to DTT predictions
- A. Mariani,
- L. Aucone,
- A. Balestri,
- P. Mantica,
- G. Merlo,
- R. Ambrosino,
- F. Bagnato,
- L. Balbinot,
- J. Ball,
- T. Bolzonella,
- D. Brioschi,
- I. Casiraghi,
- A. Castaldo,
- S. Coda,
- L. Frassinetti,
- V. Fusco,
- T. Happel,
- J. Hobirk,
- P. Innocente,
- R.M. McDermott,
- P. Muscente,
- T. Pütterich,
- O. Sauter,
- F. Sciortino,
- M. Vallar,
- B. Vanovac,
- N. Vianello,
- G. Vlad,
- C.F.B. Zimmermann,
- the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation team,
- the TCV Team,
- the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Affiliations
- A. Mariani
- ORCiD
- Institute for Plasma Science and Technology , CNR, Milano, Italy
- L. Aucone
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics ‘G. Occhialini’, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milano, Italy
- A. Balestri
- ORCiD
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- P. Mantica
- ORCiD
- Institute for Plasma Science and Technology , CNR, Milano, Italy
- G. Merlo
- ORCiD
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, United States of America
- R. Ambrosino
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Napoli, Italy
- F. Bagnato
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- L. Balbinot
- ORCiD
- Università della Tuscia , Dipartimento di Economia, Ingegneria, Societá e Impresa (DEIM), Viterbo, Italy
- J. Ball
- ORCiD
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- T. Bolzonella
- ORCiD
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN , Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Padova, Italy
- D. Brioschi
- Department of Physics ‘G. Occhialini’, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milano, Italy
- I. Casiraghi
- ORCiD
- Institute for Plasma Science and Technology , CNR, Milano, Italy
- A. Castaldo
- ENEA C.R.Frascati , Frascati, Italy
- S. Coda
- ORCiD
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- L. Frassinetti
- ORCiD
- Fusion Plasma Physics, ECSS, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden
- V. Fusco
- ORCiD
- ENEA C.R.Frascati , Frascati, Italy
- T. Happel
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Garching, Germany
- J. Hobirk
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Garching, Germany
- P. Innocente
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN , Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Padova, Italy
- R.M. McDermott
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Garching, Germany
- P. Muscente
- Consorzio RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN , Università di Padova, Acciaierie Venete SpA), Padova, Italy
- T. Pütterich
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Garching, Germany
- O. Sauter
- ORCiD
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- F. Sciortino
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Garching, Germany
- M. Vallar
- ORCiD
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), Lausanne, Switzerland
- B. Vanovac
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- N. Vianello
- ORCiD
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- G. Vlad
- ORCiD
- ENEA C.R.Frascati , Frascati, Italy
- C.F.B. Zimmermann
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik , Garching, Germany
- the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation team
- the TCV Team
- the ASDEX Upgrade Team
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ad6ea0
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 64,
no. 10
p. 106024
Abstract
Experiments, gyrokinetic simulations and transport predictions were performed to investigate if a negative triangularity (NT) L-mode option for the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) full-power scenario would perform similarly to the positive triangularity (PT) H-mode reference scenario, avoiding the harmful edge localized modes (ELMs). The simulations show that a beneficial effect of NT coming from the edge/scrape-off layer (SOL) region $\rho_{\mathrm{tor}} \gt 0.9$ is needed to allow the actual NT L-mode option to perform like the PT H-mode. Dedicated experiments at TCV and AUG, with DTT-like shapes, show an optimistic picture. In TCV, experiments indicate that even with the relatively small triangularity of the DTT NT scenario, a large beneficial effect of NT comes from the plasma edge and SOL, allowing NT L-modes to outperform PT L-modes with the same power input, reaching the same central pressures as PT H-modes with twice as much applied heating power. For AUG, NT plasmas go into H-mode more easily than for TCV, but always present much smaller pedestals compared with PT plasmas with the same input power, showing a much weaker or absent ELM activity. However, NT has a smaller beneficial effect for AUG than for TCV, with NT pulses outperforming PT pulses with the same input power only for an ECRH-only case with relatively low input power. For the considered AUG cases, PT pulses perform better than NT ones at higher ECRH power or with mixed NBI and ECRH power. Based on this analysis, the NT option is a viable alternative for the DTT full power scenario, providing high performance plasmas with reduced or absent ELMs.
Keywords