The Influence of Radiographic Parameter on the S2 Alar‐Iliac Screw Virtual Trajectory in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis Patients: A Computed Tomography Study

Abstract

Objective S2 alar‐iliac (S2AI) screw had been widely used in the pelvic fusion for degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) patients. However, whether S2AI screw trajectory was influenced by sagittal profile in DLS patients had not been comprehensively investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between the optimal S2 alar‐iliac (S2AI) screw trajectory and sagittal spinopelvic parameters in DLS patients. Methods Computed tomography (CT) scans of pelvis were performed in 47 DLS patients for three‐dimensional reconstruction of S2AI screw trajectory from September 2019 to November 2021. Five S2AI screw trajectory parameters were measured in CT reconstruction images, including: 1) angle in the transverse plane (Tsv angle); 2) angle in the sagittal plane (Sag angle); 3) maximal screw length; 4) screw width; and 5) skin distance. The lumbar Cobb angle, lumbar apical vertebral translation (AVT); global kyphosis (GK); thoracic kyphosis (TK); lumbar lordosis (LL); sagittal vertical axis (SVA); sacral slope (SS); pelvic tilt (PT); and pelvic incidence (PI) were measured in standing X‐ray films of the whole spine and pelvis. Results Both Tsv angle and Sag angle had significant positive associations with SS (p < 0.05) but negative associations with both PT (p < 0.05) and LL (p < 0.05) in all cases. Patients with SS less than 15° had both smaller Tsv angle and Sag angle than those with SS equal to or more than 15° (p < 0.05). The decreased LL would lead to the backward rotation of the pelvis, resulting in a more cephalic and less divergent trajectory of S2AI screw in DLS patients. Conclusions For DLS patients with lumbar kyphosis, spine surgeons should avoid both excessive Tsv and Sag angles for S2AI screw insertion, especially when using free‐hand technique.

Keywords

• S2 Alar‐Iliac Screw
• Sagittal
• Scoliosis
• Spino‐Pelvic