L’évaluation des interventions ergonomiques : pourquoi et comment questionner les interventions sous l’angle d’une ontologie relationnelle ?

Abstract

Any intervention must deal with the question of its evaluation, which is always at least implicit: it is a case of establishing a judgement on an intervention, based on what is perceived to have happened, and what could have been done differently. From a scientific perspective, this judgement needs to be substantiated and constructed. First and foremost, this article proposes a theoretical examination, developing a framework with which to analyse the problems of evaluating interventions, based on an analysis of the international literature on the prevention of MSDs (work-related musculoskeletal disorders).According to this international literature, there is no evidence that ergonomic interventions are effective. The ergonomic interventions selected by the literature reviews do not correspond to the “complex” interventions that professionals in the field consider relevant, and that the evolution of etiological models nevertheless considers should be carried out. On the one hand this situation creates a gap between what the international literature is based on to establish the state of knowledge, and, on the other hand, the daily experience built by the actors of transformation projects.The experience and process of the intervention are therefore not objects of interest in this literature, even though they are essential to the success of prevention. The complexity of the interventions to be carried out for ambitious prevention presupposes a collective mobilisation which is difficult to build - and therefore of major interest - and which gives a central place to the question of relationships in the intervention. We explain this relational ontology and the orientations it suggests for evaluations.

Keywords

• occupational health
• intervention
• assessment
• experience
• relation