Зерновое хозяйство России (May 2018)
Weeds in winter wheat seedings at the North-East Part of the Central Russia
Abstract
Among the ten mostly spread weeds in the grain seedings of the Tambov region are creeping thistle, white pigweed, field milk thistle (Sonchus arvensis), trailing bindweed, cockspur (barnyard), bristle grass (foxtail), cleavers (goosegrass), red-root pigweed, wild radish and common hemp-nettles. The varietal composition of segetal vegetation in winter wheat seedings was estimated in 2013, with a predominance of such annual weeds as field pansy, common hemp-nettles, larkspur; in 2014 with a predominance of such weeds as white pigweed, scentless mayweed (chamomile), common fumitory. The article shows the excess of economic threshold of harmfulness due to annual and perennial weeds in 2-3 times. The initial weediness of the experimental plot has been estimated, where annual dicotyledonous weeds prevailed, which negatively affected on productivity and quality of the product. It’s necessary to notice that climatic-weather conditions had a significant effect on the formation of weed component of wheat agrocenosis. In the north-east part of the Central-Black earth region the moisture supply in 2013-2014 was at a minimum (GTK 0.9 and 0.82 respectively) level in the spring vegetation period, insufficient for favorable plant development. Herbicide effect on the general weediness of winter wheat seeding was unstable. The analysis of the results shows a dependence of weed processing by the herbicide ‘Serto Plus’ on precipitations. The created optimal weather conditions during two years of study promoted the growth and development of weeds with a strong root system and fast growth, which was efficiently inhibited by the herbicide ‘Serto Plus’ in the north-east part of the Central-Black earth region.
