Evaluation of Operator and Patient Doses after Irradiation with Handheld X-ray Devices

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate radiation doses from handheld X-ray devices, specifically NOMAD Pro 2TM (DvcN), Rextar X (DvcRX), and Diox 602 (DvcD), targeting operator and patient’s critical organs and tissues. Calibrated TLD-100H dosimeters were placed on a mannequin and phantom head, focusing on the eyes, thyroid, gonads, hands, and salivary glands. Using a TLD reader, absorbed equivalent doses post irradiation were assessed. Conventional systems yielded higher radiation doses than phosphor plates and digital systems. Notably, implementing protective measures resulted in significant (p < 0.05) dose reductions to the operator. Peak measurements without protection included: gonad 24.4 (DvcN) μGy; thyroid 30.5 (DvcN) μGy; right eye 31.9 (DvcN) μGy; left eye 27.9 (DvcN) μGy; right hand 111.6 (DvcRX) μGy; and left hand 71.7 (DvcD) μGy. Radiation dose reductions ranged from 11.49% to 93.25%, depending on the region and device. It is imperative to adhere to radiological protection protocols, particularly when employing handheld X-ray devices; optimally, these should be used with digital systems.

Keywords

• handheld
• X-ray
• dental
• radiation dose
• radiation protection