Актуальні питання суспільних наук та історії медицини (Mar 2016)
МЕНТАЛЬНІ АКЦЕНТИ У ДІАЛЕКТНОМУ МОВЛЕННІ БУКОВИНЦІВ / MENTAL EMPHASES IN DIALECT SPEECH OF BUKOVINIANS
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to describe linguistic phenomena that accentuate the features of Bukovinians’ national character. The source basis of the research are the pieces of narration of Bukovinian dialect-media concerning household manage- Мовознавство. Українська мова. АПСНІМ. – 2016. – № 1 (9) 39 ment, namely the dialectal texts of memoir character (hereinafter DT), in which linguistic phenomena accentuate the mentality of Bukovinians. Assiduity is one of the features of the national character. The dominants of the DT are the lexemes with the temporal meaning of morning, lunch and evening. They underline regular character of agricultural work. The typical nature of reproduced situation leads to the emergence of verbal predicates in the form of the second person singular, used in the meaning of the first person plural. The idea of exhausting work is reflected with the help of phraseological units and expressions of generalized content with the keyword ‘ruka’ (hand). The leading idea of the DT is the opinion about the necessity of fulfilling the work. They realize non-subjective structures which include such component as adverb ‘treba’ (should). In such structures the individual part is not made passive and is not impersonal, non-subjective structures give the DT the nature of directivity. The detailed information is given concerning the thrift of Bukovinians. In this case the narrator briefly and concisely informs about the annual cycle of economic activities. In Bukovinian patoises such lexemes as ‘gazda’ (host), ‘gazduvaty’ (manage) provide the idea of successful household management. The reference to God, especially in the interactive phrases, is one of the speech features of Bukovinians. For example, ‘Diakuvaty Bogu’ (thanks God), ‘Koby Bog pomih’ (God help us), ‘Bozhe pomahai’ (God help you) and others. The natural way of household management has led to a mutual help of peasants. In the lexicon of Bukovinians the following words are prevalent: the word ‘symbra’, which means to cultivate the land by combined efforts of the two owners, is borrowed from the Romanian language, word-doublets ‘klaka’ and ‘toloka’ mean the disposable work together for the rapid implementation of some assignment, the idiom ‘jty do kaganu’ well with the same meaning, is determined by JewishUkrainian relations. The pieces of narration about the past are accompanied by the expression of emotions, which verbalize the interjections and adverbs with the meaning of positive indication. The recollection of the past leads to a critical comprehension of reality. Key words: dialectal text, idiom, non-subjective structure, interjection, word-doublet, borrowed word. На материале рассказов носителей говоров – диалектных текстов про хозяйство мемуарного характера – определены и описаны языковые средства, акцентирующие черты национального характера буковинцев: трудолюбие, взаимопомощь, чувство прекрасного, религиозность.Ключевые слова: диалектный текст, фразеологизм, бессубъектная конструкция, интеръектив, дублет, заимстствование, антропоморфизм.
