Prognostic Value of Urinary N-Acetyl-β-d-Glucosaminidase as a Marker of Tubular Damage in Patients with Heart Failure and Mitral Regurgitation

Abstract

Background: Mitral regurgitation (MR) has a high prevalence and aggravates hypoperfusion and hypoxia in heart failure (HF). Renal tubular epithelial cells are sensitive to hypoxia, and therefore tubulointerstitial damage is quite common in HF. However, the correlation between tubular dysfunction and MR has not been studied. The aim of this work was to evaluate the prognostic significance of urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (uNAG), a biomarker of renal tubular damage, in patients with HF and MR. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 390 patients (mean age 64 years; 65.6% male) with uNAG measurement on admission (expressed as urinary NAG/urinary creatinine) and at least 1 year of follow-up data. The pre-defined primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for HF after discharge. Cox regression analysis, restricted cubic splines, and subgroup analysis were used to investigate the prognostic value of uNAG modeled as a categorical (quartiles) or continuous (per SD increase) variable. Results: A total of 153 (39.23%) patients reached the composite endpoint over a median follow-up time of 1.2 years. The uNAG level correlated with the severity of HF and with the incidence of adverse events. In a multivariable Cox regression model, each SD (13.80 U/g⋅Cr) of increased uNAG was associated with a 17% higher risk of death or HF rehospitalization (95% confidence interval, 2–33%, p = 0.022), and a 19% higher risk of HF rehospitalization (p = 0.027). Subgroup analysis revealed the associations between uNAG and poor prognosis were only significant in younger patients (≤65 years) and in patients without obvious cardiovascular comorbidities. Conclusions: uNAG levels at admission were associated with the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with HF and MR. Additional studies are needed to further investigate the heart-kidney interaction.

Keywords

• n-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase
• renal tubular dysfunction
• mitral regurgitation
• heart failure
• cardiorenal syndrome