Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates NOX4 Induced Oxidative Stress in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages and Mice

Abstract

Background/Aims: Sepsis is a severe and complicated syndrome that is characterized by dysregulation of host inflammatory responses and organ failure. Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)/ hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has potential anti-inflammatory activities in a variety of inflammatory diseases. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), a member of the NADPH oxidases, is the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its expression is increased in sepsis, but its function in CSE-mediated anti-inflammatory activities remains unknown. Methods: Macrophages were either transfected with CSE, Nox4 siRNA or transduced with lentiviral vector encoding CSE or Nox4, and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expression of inflammatory mediators and signaling pathway activation were measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), ELISA, and immunoblotting. LPS-induced shock severity in WT, Nox4 knockdown and CSE knockout (CSE-/-) mice was assessed. Results: Here we showed that CSE and Nox4 were upregulated in macrophage and mouse in response to LPS. After LPS stimulation, the inflammatory responses were significantly ameliorated by lentiviral Nox4 shRNA knockdown, but were exacerbated by lentiviral overexpressing Nox4. Furthermore, Nox4 mediated inflammation through PI3K/Akt and p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway. Notably, CSE knockout served to amplify the inflammatory cascade by increasing Nox4-ROS signaling activation in septic mice and macrophage. Similarly, the enhanced production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages was reduced by CSE overexpression. Conclusion: Thus, we demonstrated that CSE/H2S attenuated LPS-induced sepsis against oxidative stress and inflammation damage probably largely through mediated Nox4 pathway.

Keywords

• Nadph oxidase 4
• Hydrogen sulfide
• Cystathionine-γ-lyase
• Inflammation
• Sepsis