Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) cellulosic fibre hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from macro to nano scale

Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas; Salit Mohd Sapuan; Rushdan Ibrahim; Hairul Abral; M.R. Ishak; E.S. Zainudin; Mochamad Asrofi; Mahmud Siti Nur Atikah; Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah; Ali Mohd Radzi; Abdul Murat Noor Azammi; Mohd Adrinata Shaharuzaman; Norizan Mohd Nurazzi; Edi Syafri; Nasmi Herlina Sari; Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim; Ridhwan Jumaidin

Journal of Materials Research and Technology (May 2019)

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr) cellulosic fibre hierarchy: a comprehensive approach from macro to nano scale

Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas,
Salit Mohd Sapuan,
Rushdan Ibrahim,
Hairul Abral,
M.R. Ishak,
E.S. Zainudin,
Mochamad Asrofi,
Mahmud Siti Nur Atikah,
Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah,
Ali Mohd Radzi,
Abdul Murat Noor Azammi,
Mohd Adrinata Shaharuzaman,
Norizan Mohd Nurazzi,
Edi Syafri,
Nasmi Herlina Sari,
Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim,
Ridhwan Jumaidin

Affiliations

Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Salit Mohd Sapuan: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Rushdan Ibrahim: Pulp and Paper Branch, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
Hairul Abral: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, 25163 Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
M.R. Ishak: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
E.S. Zainudin: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Mochamad Asrofi: Laboratory of Material Testing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember 68121, East Java, Indonesia
Mahmud Siti Nur Atikah: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Muhammad Roslim Muhammad Huzaifah: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Ali Mohd Radzi: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Linton Unversity Colledge, 71700 Mantin, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Abdul Murat Noor Azammi: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Automotive Department, Malaysia France Institute, University Kuala Lumpur, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Mohd Adrinata Shaharuzaman: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
Norizan Mohd Nurazzi: Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Edi Syafri: Department of Agricultural Technology, Politeknik Pertanian, Payakumbuh, Indonesia
Nasmi Herlina Sari: Mataram University, Jalan Majapahit No. 2 Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim: Research Center for Chemical Defence (CHEMDEF), University Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Ridhwan Jumaidin: Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 8, no. 3
pp. 2753 – 2766

Abstract

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Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre is considered as a waste product of the agricultural industry. This paper is investigating the isolation of nanofibrillated cellulose from sugar palm fibres produced by a chemo-mechanical approach, thus opening a new way to utilize waste products more efficiently. Chemical pre-treatments, namely delignification and mercerization processes, were initially involved to extract the sugar palm cellulose. Then, mechanical pre-treatment was performed by passing the sugar palm cellulose through a refiner to avoid clogging in the subsequent process of high pressurized homogenization. Nanofibrillated cellulose was then characterized by its chemical properties (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), physical morphological properties (i.e. scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis), and thermogravimetric analysis. The nanofibres were attained at 500 bar for 15 cycles with 92% yield. The results showed that the average diameter and length of the nanofibrillated cellulose were found to be 5.5 ± 1.0 nm and several micrometres, respectively. They also displayed higher crystallinity (81.2%) and thermal stability compared to raw fibres, which served its purpose as an effective reinforcing material for use as bio-nanocomposites. The nanocellulose developed promises to be a very versatile material by having a huge potential in many applications, encompassing bio-packaging to scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Keywords: Agricultural waste, Sugar palm fibre, Nanocellulose, Sugar palm nanofibrillated cellulose, High pressurized homogenization (HPH)

Published in Journal of Materials Research and Technology

ISSN: 2238-7854 (Print); 2214-0697 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Technology: Mining engineering. Metallurgy
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-materials-research-and-technology/

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