Prolonged lung-to-finger circulation time indicates an increased risk of intermittent hypoxaemia in sleep apnoea patients

Abstract

Introduction Intermittent hypoxaemia is closely associated with cardiovascular dysfunction and may be a more accurate indicator of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) severity than conventional metrics. Another key factor is the lung-to-finger circulation time (LFCt), defined as the duration from the cessation of a respiratory event to the lowest point of oxygen desaturation. LFCt serves as a surrogate marker for circulatory delay and is linked with cardiovascular function. Yet, the specific associations between respiratory and hypoxaemia characteristics and LFCt in patients with OSA remain unclear. This study aims to investigate these associations, ultimately contributing to a more nuanced understanding of OSA severity. Methods The study comprised 878 in-lab polysomnographies of patients with suspected OSA. The conventional OSA metrics were computed along with nine hypoxaemia metrics and then divided into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on respiratory event duration. In addition, these were further divided into subquartiles based on LFCt. The empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) and linear regression models were used to investigate the association between desaturation metrics and LFCt. Results The results showed that prolonged LFCt was associated with increased hypoxic severity. Based on CDFs, the hypoxic severity significantly increased with longer LFCt despite the duration of respiratory events. Furthermore, fall duration was elevated in patients with longer LFCt (Q1- desaturation fall duration (FallDur): 14.6 s; Q4-FallDur: 29.8 s; p<0.0001). The regression models also showed significant association between hypoxic severity and LFCt (Q1-desaturation fall slope (FallSlope): β=−3.224; Q4-FallSlope: β=−6.178; p<0.0001). Discussion Considering LFCt along with desaturation metrics might be useful in estimating the association between the severity of OSA, physiological consequences of respiratory events and cardiac health.