Synergetic effect of functionalized graphitic carbon nitride catalyst and ultrasound in aqueous medium: An efficient and sustainable synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazines

Abstract

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was synthesized by melamine and functionalized by H2SO4 treatment using ultrasound assisted method. As prepared functional carbon nitride (Sg–C3N4) was characterized by diverse analytical technique and used as a reusable catalyst for the preparation of 1,3,5-trisubstituted hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine derivatives using aryl amines and formaldehyde as a reactant in aqueous media under ultrasound irradiation. Different comparable experiments shows that the SO3H functionality of the catalyst show a decisive function in this metal-free approach. In contrast to the conventional process, Sg–C3N4 exhibit 21-fold higher catalytic activity under ultrasound irradiation. Protocol shows significant synergistic effect of ultrasound irradiation with water and catalyst over the reaction. With this synergetic methodology we have found that the reactions are cleaner, highly selective, easy work-up procedure and having appreciable economic advantage. It's give us a chance to make the whole procedure green starting from the beginning.

Keywords

• Graphitic carbon nitride
• Ultrasound irradiation
• Hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine
• Aqueous media