Twiddler′s syndrome revisited

Abstract

Twiddler′s Syndrome, first described by Bayliss, refers to a permanent malfunction of the pacemaker as a result of rotation of the device causing lead dislodgement. Since then, various cases of Twiddler and its variants such as Reel, Ratchet, and reverse Twiddler have been reported. This article reports two variants of Twiddler and reviews the literature on this interesting yet life-threatening complication of permanent pacing.

Keywords

• Complication
• Reel Syndrome
• reverse Twiddler
• Twiddler Syndrome