The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Optical and Radio Analysis of Systematically Classified Broad-lined Type Ic Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
- Gokul P. Srinivasaragavan,
- Sheng Yang,
- Shreya Anand,
- Jesper Sollerman,
- Anna Y. Q. Ho,
- Alessandra Corsi,
- S. Bradley Cenko,
- Daniel Perley,
- Steve Schulze,
- Marquice Sanchez-Fleming,
- Jack Pope,
- Nikhil Sarin,
- Conor Omand,
- Kaustav K. Das,
- Christoffer Fremling,
- Igor Andreoni,
- Rachel Bruch,
- Kevin B. Burdge,
- Kishalay De,
- Avishay Gal-Yam,
- Anjasha Gangopadhyay,
- Matthew J. Graham,
- Jacob E. Jencson,
- Viraj Karambelkar,
- Mansi M. Kasliwal,
- S. R. Kulkarni,
- Julia Martikainen,
- Yashvi S. Sharma,
- Anastasios Tzanidakis,
- Lin Yan,
- Yuhan Yao,
- Eric C. Bellm,
- Steven L. Groom,
- Frank J. Masci,
- Guy Nir,
- Josiah Purdum,
- Roger Smith,
- Niharika Sravan
Affiliations
- Gokul P. Srinivasaragavan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; [email protected]; Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Sheng Yang
- ORCiD
- Henan Academy of Sciences , Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Shreya Anand
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jesper Sollerman
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Anna Y. Q. Ho
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Alessandra Corsi
- ORCiD
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- S. Bradley Cenko
- ORCiD
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Daniel Perley
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- Steve Schulze
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Marquice Sanchez-Fleming
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Jack Pope
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Nikhil Sarin
- ORCiD
- Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden; Nordita , Stockholm University and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Conor Omand
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- Kaustav K. Das
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Christoffer Fremling
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Igor Andreoni
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA ; [email protected]; Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA; Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Mail Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Rachel Bruch
- ORCiD
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 234 Herzl St. 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- Kevin B. Burdge
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Kishalay De
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; NASA Einstein Fellow
- Avishay Gal-Yam
- ORCiD
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science , 76100 Rehovot, Israel
- Anjasha Gangopadhyay
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Oskar Klein Center, Stockholm University , AlbaNova, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Matthew J. Graham
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Jacob E. Jencson
- ORCiD
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Viraj Karambelkar
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Mansi M. Kasliwal
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- S. R. Kulkarni
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Julia Martikainen
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía , CSIC, Granada, Spain
- Yashvi S. Sharma
- ORCiD
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Anastasios Tzanidakis
- ORCiD
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , 3910 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Lin Yan
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Yuhan Yao
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science , 468 Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Eric C. Bellm
- ORCiD
- DIRAC Institute, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , 3910 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Steven L. Groom
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Frank J. Masci
- ORCiD
- IPAC, California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Guy Nir
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Josiah Purdum
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Roger Smith
- ORCiD
- Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Niharika Sravan
- Department of Physics, Drexel University , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7fde
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 976,
no. 1
p. 71
Abstract
We study a magnitude-limited sample of 36 broad-lined type Ic supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) from the Zwicky Transient Facility Bright Transient Survey (detected between 2018 March and 2021 August), which is the largest systematic study of SNe Ic-BL done in literature thus far. We present the light curves (LCs) for each of the SNe and analyze the shape of the LCs to derive empirical parameters, along with the explosion epochs for every event. The sample has an average absolute peak magnitude in the r band of ${\overline{{M}}}_{{\rm{r}},\max }=-18.51\pm 0.15$ mag. Using spectra obtained around peak light, we compute expansion velocities from the Fe ii 5169 Å line for each event with high enough signal-to-noise ratio spectra, and find an average value of $\bar{{v}_{\mathrm{ph}}}=16,100\pm 1100$ km s ^−1 . We also compute bolometric LCs, study the blackbody temperature and radii evolution over time, and derive the explosion properties of the SNe. The explosion properties of the sample have average values of ${\overline{{M}}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}={0.37}_{-0.06}^{+0.08}\,{{M}}_{\odot }$ , ${\overline{{M}}}_{\mathrm{ej}}={2.45}_{-0.41}^{+0.47}\,{{M}}_{\odot }$ , and ${\overline{{E}}}_{{\rm{K}}}=({4.02}_{-1.00}^{+1.37})\times {10}^{51}$ erg. Thirteen events have radio observations from the Very Large Array, with eight detections and five non-detections. We find that the populations that have radio detections and radio non-detections are indistinct from one another with respect to their optically inferred explosion properties, and there are no statistically significant correlations present between the events’ radio luminosities and optically inferred explosion properties. This provides evidence that the explosion properties derived from optical data alone cannot give inferences about the radio properties of SNe Ic-BL and likely their relativistic jet formation mechanisms.
Keywords
