Resistant Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients and Associated Risk Factors;   A Single Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

Abstract

Objective: To study the frequency of resistant hypertension in chronic kidney disease patients in our population and to analyse associated risk factors contributing to this problem. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan from Jun to Dec 2022. Methodology: The study included all patients older than 19 who were already diagnosed with hypertension and CKD and were visiting for the usual routine check-up in the Medical/Nephrology OPD. Results: A total of 325 patients suffering from CKD were included in the study, including 226(69.5%) males and 99(30.5%) females. The mean age of study participants was 56.54±7.15 years. Mean systolic blood pressure was 140.9±19.5 mmHg, whereas mean diastolic blood pressure was 85.12±9.1 mmHg. The average BMI of the participants was measured to be 24.96±4.2 m2/kg. The average/mean eGFR of the case-study participants was calculated to be 47.80±11.6 ml/min. Out of the 325 patients, 141(43.4%) were suffering from resistant hypertension. Conclusion: The frequency of resistant hypertension in CKD patients who have a positive genealogy of hypertension and associated risk factors of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia is considerable. Worsening of CKD also increases the proportion of treatment-resistant hypertension in hypertensive patients.

Keywords

• Body mass index, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus, resistant hypertension.