Estimation of the SNP Mutation Rate in Two Vegetatively Propagating Species of Duckweed

Abstract

Mutation rate estimates for vegetatively reproducing organisms are rare, despite their frequent occurrence across the tree of life. Here we report mutation rate estimates in two vegetatively reproducing duckweed species, Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza. We use a modified approach to estimating mutation rates by taking into account the reduction in mutation detection power that occurs when new individuals are produced from multiple cell lineages. We estimate an extremely low per generation mutation rate in both species of duckweed and note that allelic coverage at de novo mutation sites is very skewed. We also find no substantial difference in mutation rate between mutation accumulation lines propagated under benign conditions and those grown under salt stress. Finally, we discuss the implications of interpreting mutation rate estimates in vegetatively propagating organisms.

Keywords

• mutation rate
• vegetative reproduction
• duckweed
• asexual
• effective population size