Identification and Characterization of Glucosyltransferase That Forms 1-Galloyl-<i>β</i>-<span style="font-variant: small-caps">d</span>-Glucogallin in <i>Canarium album</i> L., a Functional Fruit Rich in Hydrolysable Tannins

Abstract

Hydrolysable tannins (HTs) are useful secondary metabolites that are responsible for pharmacological activities and astringent taste, flavor, and quality in fruits. They are also the main polyphenols in Canarium album L. (Chinese olive) fruit, an interesting and functional fruit that has been cultivated for over 2000 years. The HT content of C. album fruit was 2.3–13 times higher than that of berries with a higher content of HT. 1-galloyl-β-d-glucose (βG) is the first intermediate and the key metabolite in the HT biosynthesis pathway. It is catalyzed by UDP-glucosyltransferases (UGTs), which are responsible for the glycosylation of gallic acid (GA) to form βG. Here, we first reported 140 UGTs in C. album. Phylogenetic analysis clustered them into 14 phylogenetic groups (A, B, D–M, P, and Q), which are different from the 14 typical major groups (A~N) of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression pattern and correlation analysis showed that UGT84A77 (Isoform0117852) was highly expressed and had a positive correlation with GA and βG content. Prokaryotic expression showed that UGT84A77 could catalyze GA to form βG. These results provide a theoretical basis on UGTs in C. album, which will be helpful for further functional research and availability on HTs and polyphenols.

Keywords

• polyphenols
• hydrolysable tannins
• UDP-glycosyltransferase
• phylogenetic analysis
• enzymatic catalysis