Prophylactic treatment abandonment in people bitten by suspected rabid animals, El Salvador, 2013-2017

Abstract

Introduction: Around the world 60,000 people die from rabies each year. The main form of exposure to rabies is by the bite of animals infected with the virus. More than 20,000 cases of rabies-transmitting animal bites are reported each year, in El Salvador, a country located in Central America. People exposed should be managed with rabies prophylaxis. Objective: To determine the abandonment of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) cumulative incidence (CI) in humans bitten by suspected rabid animals in El Salvador from 2013 to 2017. Methodology: This is an ecological study based on the cases of bites by suspected rabid animals reported between 2013 and 2017 in the public health system of El Salvador. Descriptive and correlation analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The municipality CI, expressed per 100,000 inhabitants. Results: The national CI of abandonment PEP in humans bitten by suspected rabid animals was 25.6 × 100,000 inhabitants. Simple bivariate correlation analysis shows that the departments with the highest CI of bites caused by cats, wild animals, and bites on the neck (R2 = 0.99 P < 0.05) are mostly associated with dropping out of the PEP. Conclusion: In El Salvador, the abandonment CI of PEP is lower than other countries, however, bites by rabid suspected animal are frequent, this represents a public health problem due to the presence of the rabies virus in wild animals and the high lethality of the disease. Municipalities where head bites are common are the most related to the abandonment of PEP.

Keywords

• el salvador
• human bite
• patient abandonment
• post-exposure prophylaxis
• rabies