Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (Oct 2020)
Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes: Associations and Therapeutic Implications
Abstract
Yohannes Tsegyie Wondmkun Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yohannes Tsegyie Wondmkun Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaEmail [email protected]: Obesity is a triggering factor for diabetes associated with insulin resistance. In individuals who are obese, higher amounts of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, and pro-inflammatory cytokines that could participate in the development of insulin resistance are released by adipose tissue. Besides, endoplasmic reticulum stress, adipose tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, lipodystrophy, and genetic background have a role in insulin resistance. However, no effective drug therapy was developed for type 2 diabetes mellitus targeting these physiological factors. This is might be due to a lack of agreement on the comprehensive mechanism of insulin resistance. Therefore, this review assesses the cellular components of each physiologic and pathophysiologic factors that are involved in obesity associated insulin resistance, and may encourage further drug development in this field.Keywords: obesity, insulin, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus
