High Expression of <i>TTYH3</i> Is Related to Poor Clinical Outcomes in Human Gastric Cancer

Abstract

Ion channels play important roles in regulating various cellular processes and malignant transformation. Expressions of some chloride channels have been suggested to be associated with patient survival in gastric cancer (GC). However, little is known about the expression and function of TTYH3, a gene encoding a chloride ion channel, in cancer progression. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of TTYH3 and its clinical outcome in GC using publicly available cancer gene expression and patient survival data through various databases. We examined the differences of TTYH3 expression between cancers and their normal tissues using the Oncomine, UALCAN, and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) databases. TTYH3 expression was investigated from immunohistochemistry images using the Human Protein Atlas database. Copy number alterations and mutations of TTYH3 were analyzed using cBioPortal. The co-expression profile of TTYH3 in GC was revealed using Oncomine. The gene ontology and pathway analyses were done using those co-expressed genes via the Enrichr tool to explore the predicted signaling pathways in GC. TTYH3 mRNA and protein levels in GC were significantly greater than those in normal tissue. Kaplan−Meier analysis revealed the upregulation of TTYH3 expression, which was significantly correlated with worse patient survival. Collectively, our data suggest that TTYH3 might be a potential prognostic marker for GC patients.

Keywords

• ttyh3
• gastric cancer
• patient survival
• clinical outcomes
• cancer progression
• multiomics analysis