Temperature-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Pyrazoles and 1-Tosyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazoles under Transition-Metal-Catalyst- and Oxidant-Free Conditions

Abstract

Herein, a general and practical temperature-controlled approach for the divergent synthesis of pyrazoles and 1-tosyl-1H-pyrazoles via electrophilic cyclization in the absence of transition-metal catalysts and oxidants was developed. The desired products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields from common starting materials in both ionic liquids and ethanol by simply tuning the reaction temperature. This strategy employs easily synthesized substrates, mild reaction conditions, and excellent functional-group tolerance.

Keywords

• temperature-controlled
• ionic liquids
• divergent synthesis
• pyrazole derivatives
• green strategies