Spinal Dysraphisms: A New Anatomical–Clinicoradiological Classification

Abstract

Background Spinal dysraphisms refer to the congenital abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord due to aberrations in the processes of gastrulation, primary neurulation, and secondary neurulation. Embryology of many complex spinal dysraphisms are yet poorly understood and there is no agreeable anatomical–clinicoradiological classification with inclusion of recently documented and complex spinal dysraphisms.

Keywords

• spinal dysraphism
• embryology
• magnetic resonance imaging
• open spinal dysraphism
• closed spinal dysraphism