Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Dynamic Measurement of Ethylene Oxide Volatilization from Medical Masks

Abstract

Sterile medical masks are essential in preventing infectious diseases. However, the ethylene oxide contained within these masks is a class I carcinogen. The standard method for measuring ethylene oxide is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, which is not fit with the dynamic process of human inhalation. Thus, the amount of ethylene oxide volatilized from masks and inhaled by users is unknown. In this work, ethylene oxide was detected by using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, which can measure volatile quantities in milliseconds. We found that ethylene oxide was volatilized from masks during use. Within the first minute, the ethylene oxide concentration decreased by 84.65%, and then the rate of reduction gradually slowed. After 5 min, all ethylene oxide was effectively volatilized, and the average mass of ethylene oxide inhaled was 299.02 μg. We investigated three methods to reduce the concentration of ethylene oxide in masks before use: natural airing, shaking the mask, and blowing the mask with a hair dryer. The hair dryer method produced the best results: the ethylene oxide concentration decreased by 88.3% after only 10 s. The natural airing method was the least effective: the ethylene oxide concentration decreased by 60.7% even after 3 h.

Keywords

• proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry
• face mask
• ethylene oxide
• inhalation
• risk reduction