Systematizing an Expanded Lumbar Interlaminar Endoscopic Approach: The 10 Steps of Castro-Brock for Increased Security

Abstract

Introduction With increasing life expectancy, there is a rising incidence of degenerative spinal pathologies, particularly in the elderly population. Minimally invasive techniques are becoming increasingly attractive due to the higher prevalence of comorbidities in older patients. Endoscopic spine surgery offers advantages such as early rehabilitation, reduced postoperative pain, minimized muscle damage, and shorter hospital stays.

Keywords

• endoscopic spine surgery
• interlaminas approach
• minimally invasive
• cirurgia endoscópica da coluna
• abordagem interlaminar
• minimamente invasiva