Analysis of the potential and characteristics of Nipa (Nypa fruticans) as a sustainable biofuel alternative source in Indonesia

Abstract

A sustainable energy source, one that doesn’t compete with food production, is crucial for enhancing national energy independence. This study assesses the feasibility of Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) as a biofuel source in Indonesia. The research involved vegetation and laboratory analyses to determine Nipa palm’s potential for biofuel production. The results revealed a Nipa density of 3,167 trees ha-1 with a mesocarp yield of 3.99 tons ha-1 and sap yield of 177.35 kL ha-1. The mesocarp contains 39.37% carbohydrates, and the sap has a total sugar content of 13.13%. National estimates for mesocarp and sap production were 3,339,630 tons year-1 and 148,443 thousand kL year-1, respectively. Estimated bioethanol production from Nipa sap was 13,330 thousand kL year-1. Incorporating Nipa bioethanol into the national fuel supply would increase it to 66,766 thousand kL year-1 (24.95%), while reducing imports to 14,531 thousand kL year-1 (47.86%). In conclusion, Nipa palm offers significant advantages as a potential biofuel feedstock, particularly for bioethanol production, without compromising food supplies.