Науковий вісник НЛТУ України (Nov 2017)
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF SILVICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION
Abstract
Silvicultural production comprises three components: forest-seed production, forest seedling and silvicultural industry. Both achievements, as well as certain problems and shortcomings are inherent to each of these components. Therefore, this work is devoted to the analysis of these issues. The aim is to generalize the problems of modern silvicultural production in terms of its components and the search for their solutions in the context of the existing national and international achievements of the theory and practice of artificial regeneration of forest stands. It is established that domestic forest-seed production is characterized by insufficient number and area of objects of permanent forest-seed base (primarily clonal seed orchards and family forest-seed plantations of plus and elite trees). Therefore, these sites produce no more than 10-12 % of forest-seed raw material.The procurement of forest-seed raw materials is not always carried out in compliance with the principles of forest typology and forest-seed zoning. Current forest-seed zoning in Ukraine needs to be improved. The legislative basis of Ukraine in the field of forest seeding must be synchronized with analogous documents of the EU countries. Intensification of the forest planting material cultivation in our country should be carried out through under-cover growing of planting material, with a root-balled tree system and in vitro culture. In recent years some forestry enterprises, in order to grow forest crops, have begun to use the modern technology for establishing forest plantations (application of superabsorbents and moisture accumulation compounds, plant growth regulators, planting material with root-balled tree system, etc.), thereby increasing the survival rate and growth of crops. An analysis of the current problems of forest-culture production in our country suggests that, despite the limited funding, forestry practitioners and scholars of the research institutes and higher educational institutions are making considerable efforts with regard to maintaining practical forestry at a proper level, which has a long history in our country. The full or partial solution of the problems mentioned above will facilitate the intensification of all components of silvicultural industry, which will result in increased productivity and increased biotic resistance of artificial forest stands created for different purposes, using various species and varieties in all silvicultural zones of the country.
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