Antibiotics (Feb 2020)

Clinical Experience with Ceftazidime-Avibactam for the Treatment of Infections due to Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Other than Carbapenem-Resistant <em>Enterobacterales</em>

  • Antonio Vena,
  • Daniele Roberto Giacobbe,
  • Nadia Castaldo,
  • Annamaria Cattelan,
  • Cristina Mussini,
  • Roberto Luzzati,
  • Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa,
  • Filippo Del Puente,
  • Claudio Maria Mastroianni,
  • Antonio Cascio,
  • Sergio Carbonara,
  • Alessandro Capone,
  • Silvia Boni,
  • Chiara Sepulcri,
  • Marianna Meschiari,
  • Francesca Raumer,
  • Alessandra Oliva,
  • Silvia Corcione,
  • Matteo Bassetti,
  • for the Ceftabuse Study Group

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020071
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 2
p. 71

Abstract

Read online

Background: Experience in real clinical practice with ceftazidime-avibactam for the treatment of serious infections due to gram−negative bacteria (GNB) other than carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is very limited. Methods: We carried out a retrospective multicenter study of patients hospitalized in 13 Italian hospitals who received ≥72 h of ceftazidime-avibactam for GNB other than CRE to assess the rates of clinical success, resistance development, and occurrence of adverse events. Results: Ceftazidime-avibactam was used to treat 41 patients with GNB infections other than CRE. Median age was 62 years and 68% of them were male. The main causative agents were P. aeruginosa (33/41; 80.5%) and extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (4/41, 9.8%). Four patients had polymicrobial infections. All strains were susceptible to ceftazidime-avibactam. The most common primary infection was nosocomial pneumonia (n = 20; 48.8%), primary bacteremia (n = 7; 17.1%), intra-abdominal infection (n = 4; 9.8%), and bone infection (n = 4; 9.8%). Ceftazidime-avibactam was mainly administered as a combination treatment (n = 33; 80.5%) and the median length of therapy was 13 days. Clinical success at the end of the follow-up period was 90.5%, and the only risk factor for treatment failure at multivariate analysis was receiving continuous renal replacement therapy during ceftazidime-avibactam. There was no association between clinical failures and type of primary infection, microbiological isolates, and monotherapy with ceftazidime-avibactam. Only one patient experienced recurrent infection 5 days after the end of treatment. Development of resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam was not detected in any case during the whole follow-up period. No adverse events related to ceftazidime-avibactam were observed in the study population. Conclusions: Ceftazidime-avibactam may be a valuable therapeutic option for serious infections due to GNB other than CRE.

Keywords