Guangdong nongye kexue (Dec 2023)
Characteristics and Trends of Control Rice Varieties Used in Regional Trials in Guangdong Province
Abstract
【Objective】The study presents a systematic review of data on the primary features and turnover of control varieties in regional trials of rice varieties conducted in Guangdong Province. It aims to clarify the progress made in rice breeding in Guangdong and to provide references for rice breeding practices in the double-season rice area of South China.【Method】Based on the related data of control varieties used in regional trials of rice varieties from 2006 to 2022, statistics on variations in control varieties were conducted, and the significant traits such as yield, quality traits and disease resistance of these varieties were analyzed.【Result】Throughout the 16-year regional trial period, a total of 31 control varieties were utilized, the majority of which demonstrated high yield, extensive adaptability and resistance to rice blast disease. Fifteen of the control varieties could be promoted and planted outside Guangdong Province, eight conventional rice control varieties have been widely planted in Guangdong Province, and three hybrid rice control varieties have been recognized as super rice by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. The average yields of the conventional rice control varieties in early and late seasons of 2022 were 7 176.1±243.6 kg/hm2 and 6 500.9±117.08 kg/hm2, respectively. While the hybrid rice control varieties had average yields of 7 282.0±358.6 kg/hm2 and 6 835.8±175.2 kg/hm2 in the early and late seasons, respectively. Twenty-seven control varieties exhibited resistance and moderate resistance to rice blast, while eight control varieties demonstrated resistance and moderate resistance to leaf blight. On average, control varieties were replaced every five years, with the recently replaced control varieties exhibiting enhancements in yield and quality. The average yields of the control varieties increased by 301.8-417.0 kg/hm2 in the early season and by 778.20-966.15 kg/hm2 in the late season during the 16-year trials. The overall quality of the control variety in 2022 was significantly enhanced compared to that in 2006. Specifically, the grain length-breadth ratio increased from 2.76 to 3.25, the average chalkiness decreased from 13.4% to 9.6%, the gel consistency increased from 57.5 mm to 66.2 mm, and the head rice rate increased from 58.06% to 60.51%. The average amylase content of the control variety decreased to 1.2%-5.6% from 2012.【Conclusion】The study analyzes the use of control varieties in regional trials of rice varieties conducted in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2021. The findings suggest that the selected control varieties demonstrate outstanding overall quality in Guangdong Province. With the improvement of rice production levels, the control varieties with higher yield and better quality are replaced in time and the best ones are selected from excellent varieties in the process of approval. In this way, the yield of new variety is steadily increased and the quality traits are improved, which is more in line with the requirements of production development
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