Comparison of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 Data for Estimation of Leaf Area Index in Temperate Forests

Abstract

With the launch of the Sentinel-2 satellites, a European capacity has been created to ensure continuity of Landsat and SPOT observations. In contrast to previous sensors, Sentinel-2′s multispectral imager (MSI) incorporates three additional spectral bands in the red-edge (RE) region, which are expected to improve the mapping of vegetation traits. The objective of this study was to compare Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI data for the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) in temperate, deciduous broadleaf forests. We used hemispherical photography to estimate effective LAI at 36 field plots. We then built and compared simple and multiple linear regression models between field-based LAI and spectral bands and vegetation indices derived from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2, respectively. Our main findings are that Sentinel-2 predicts LAI with comparable accuracy to Landsat-8. The best Landsat-8 models predicted LAI with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.877, and the best Sentinel-2 model achieved an RMSE of 0.879. In addition, Sentinel-2′s RE bands and RE-based indices did not improve LAI prediction. Thirdly, LAI models showed a high sensitivity to understory vegetation when tree cover was sparse. According to our findings, Sentinel-2 is capable of delivering data continuity at high temporal resolution.

Keywords

• leaf area index
• Sentinel-2
• Landsat-8
• vegetation
• broadleaf forest
• hemispherical photography