Journal Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences (Jan 2024)
DEVELOPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISES MANUAL FOR OROPHARYNGEAL DYSPHAGIA: PHASE I
Abstract
Objective: To reduce and eliminate aspiration and penetration ultimately, it was aimed to develop the indirect therapeutic exercises manual for patients with Oro-pharyngeal Dysphagia. Methodology: The study based on analytical approach: a method for tool development, was conducted on the sample of five experts and one hundred speech and language pathologists through purposive sampling in clinical setting (from Nov 2021 to Sep 2022). The factors via already existed literature data base; speech BITE; MEDLINE; PakMediNet; PubMed; Web of Science; CINAHL; IndMed and Google Scholar were generated. The factors were divided into two domains/ latent variables (compensatory strategies and rehabilitative techniques) with fourteen items/ observable variables (relevant instructions). These domains and items were further modified into ‘content validity performa. Content validity was assessed through ‘face to face written and verbal reviews’ by panel of five experts on the content validity performa. The refined and simplified factors (domains and fourteen items) were altered into an online survey based on five points Likert scale of preferences. One hundred speech and language pathologists from different regions of the Punjab were approached to participate in an online survey so the correlation between the domains and items can be found out. Results: Content Validity Index (CVI), Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and kappa statistics were employed to calculate the content validity. The findings suggested that the therapeutic exercises manual met the satisfactory level of content validity (CVI= CVR= kappa= 0.85). To confirm the factor validity via Likert scale, AMOS version 23 was employed, suggesting fit in model (x2 (76) = 80.255, p .04). The internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha) of therapeutic exercises manual was 0.833 and the inter-item correlation coefficient ranged from .082 to .488. Conclusion: Content validity was found to be high, representing the core theme of the construct. The domains (compensatory strategies and rehabilitative techniques) showed good correlation with each other and their item (instructions). The therapeutic exercises manual may be use-able for the patients to eliminate the aspiration and penetration.
