Effects of Dietary Cobalt Levels on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Status of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)

Abstract

A 9-week experiment investigated the effects of dietary cobalt levels on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity of largemouth bass. Six feed groups were designed and each group received different cobalt levels, including 0.129 mg/kg (control group), 0.192 mg/kg, 0.201 mg/kg, 0.233 mg/kg, 0.277 mg/kg, and 0.316 mg/kg. The results show that the control group (0.129 mg/kg diet) had the lowest final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the highest feed conversion ratio (FCR), when compared to the cobalt supplementation groups. Dietary cobalt levels of 0.192 mg/kg increased the body protein content and decreased the body moisture content. Regarding antioxidant capacity, the highest catalase (CAT) activity was found in the 0.277 mg/kg dietary cobalt group, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly diminished; the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) content and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity exhibited the highest values in the 0.192 mg/kg and 0.233 mg/kg dietary cobalt groups, respectively. Regarding gene expression, compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of sod was upregulated in the 0.192 mg/kg, 0.233 mg/kg, and 0.277 mg/kg dietary cobalt groups, while the mRNA expression of gpx was diminished when dietary cobalt levels were below 0.233 mg/kg. In addition, the highest il-10 and tgf-β mRNA expression levels were observed in the 0.201 mg/kg and 0.233 mg/kg dietary cobalt groups, respectively. According to the quadratic regression analysis based on the SGR and FCR, the optimal requirement was 0.24 and 0.26 mg/kg of dietary cobalt, respectively.

Keywords

• cobalt
• growth performance
• antioxidant capacity
• immune status
• largemouth bass