THE MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF BLADDER CANCER

Abstract

The review describes the current views on urothelial carcinoma carcinogenesis. Based on the up-todate genetic studies, molecular pathways determining the development of superficial and invasive bladder cancers are considered. It was demonstrated that the development of noninvasive bladder tumors occurred predominantly through oncogenes activation, while the genesis of invasive cancer is based on inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Principal mechanisms of multiple and recurrent bladder tumors development are discussed including its monoclonal and oligoclonal models.One of the most promising nowadays approaches is the determination of new generation markers, such as molecular genetic abnormalities in the hereditary apparatus of the cell underlying its malignant transformation. Molecular markers' panels used for diagnostics, prognosis, and monitoring of urothelial carcinoma patients are analyzed.

Keywords

• superficial and invasive bladder cancer
• mutations
• gene
• fgfr3
• тр53
• monoclonal and oligoclonal bladder tumors