Features of HIV infection in adults

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a major medical problem due to its high prevalence and mortality. In order to study and identify clinical manifestations, frequency of their occurrence, as well as epidemiological features of this disease in the Penza region, we have analyzed 150 case histories. According to the results of the research, HIV infection is more common in men whose average age is 35.7 ± 9.1 years; in 69 % of cases-these are unemployed people; the average duration of the disease (by the date of registration at the dispensary) – 4.2 ± 4.1 years; unprotected sex is the leading factor of infection (35 %); there is a decrease in the share of infection by parenteral route with the use of drugs (32 %); in the structure of clinical manifestations, bronchopulmonary pathology (58 %) and chronic viral hepatitis C (60 %) prevails; diagnosed opportunistic infections were more often candidiasis of the oral cavity and esophagus (23 %), pneumocystic pneumonia (8 %) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (2 %). The etiological structure of purulent meningitis and meningoencephalitis is dominated by Staphylococcus aureus (25 %). The main etiological factor in the development of serous meningitis and meningoencephalitis are more often HSV DNA type 1, type 2 (12 %) and Enterovirus RNA (11 %).

Keywords

• hiv infection
• clinical manifestations
• epidemiological features
• structure of concomitant pathology
• opportunistic infections