Adsorption of tartrazine and sunset yellow anionic dyes onto activated carbon derived from cassava sievate biomass

Abstract

Abstract The toxic effects of anionic dyes such as tartrazine and sunset yellow on humans and the aquatic environment are of serious concern. The need for the removal of these dyes from wastewaters led to the use of adsorption techniques as a cheap and efficient treatment method. Thus, this research was based on the preparation of a low-cost activated carbon derived from cassava sievate designated as CS, which was utilized in the adsorption of sunset yellow and tartrazine from simulated wastewater. The sorption process was carried out under varying process factors in a batch mode. Adsorbent characterization displayed the presence of surface functional groups by the FT-IR and a porous structure as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Optimum dye uptake was recorded at pH (1.0–2.0), temperature (30–40 °C), CS dosage (0.1 g), and dye concentration (150 mg/L). A maximum CS monolayer uptake of 20.83 and 0.091 mg/g was recorded for tartrazine and sunset yellow dyes, respectively. The pseudo-second-order (R 2 > 0.99) and Freundlich (R 2 > 0.92) models were most fitted to the kinetics and isotherm data of the uptake of the dyes on CS. The adsorption equilibrium attainment was reached was within 90 min of dye sequestration. The experimental results revealed that both sunset yellow and tartrazine dyes were considerably adsorbed onto the environmentally compatible and low-cost activated carbon derived from cassava sievate.

Keywords

• Activated carbon
• Cassava sievate
• Biomass
• Anionic dyes
• Kinetics
• Isotherms