Magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection of TiO2–Cu/water between the double lid-driven cavity and a central heat source surrounding by a wavy tilted domain of porous medium under local thermal non-equilibrium

Abstract

Article Highlights The flow shear at the proposed model is more feasible for the heat and mass transfer than the buoyancy force. Local thermal non-equilibrium case creates inaccessible regions that disapprove the harmony in the flow behavior. The ratio of natural to forced convection is the most pertinent to the thermal nonequilibrium scenario.

Keywords

• MHD mixed convection
• Porous medium
• Hybrid nanofluid
• Local non-thermal equilibrium
• Wavy sides
• Circular heat source