Clinical Interventions in Aging (Sep 2020)
Understanding Interactions Between Caregivers and Care Recipients in Person-Centered Dementia Care: A Rapid Review
Abstract
Qiujuan Wu,1,* Siyu Qian,2,3,* Chao Deng,4,5 Ping Yu2,4 1Oncology Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Centre for Digital Transformation, School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; 3Drug and Alcohol Service, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia; 4Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia; 5School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ping YuCentre for Digital Transformation, School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, AustraliaTel +61 2 4221 5412Fax +61 2 4221 4045Email [email protected]: Good interactions are essential in caring for people with dementia. There is a lack of knowledge about interaction approaches used by caregivers in person-centered dementia care. This study aimed to understand interactions in person-centered dementia care.Methods: A search for relevant publications was undertaken in 2020 on two electronic databases, MEDLINE with full text and CINAHL Plus with full text. This was supplemented by manual searching of the reference lists of relevant articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to determine the relevance of the articles. Data extraction included publication year, country, study setting, aim, design, definition of person-centered dementia care, elements of person-centered dementia care and interaction approaches used by caregivers. A Donabedian quality framework was used to group the elements of person-centered dementia care into three categories: structure, process and outcome.Results: A total of 25 articles were included in the review, all from developed countries. A conceptual framework was developed for the delivery of person-centered dementia care. It includes the organizational structure, ie, management and resources, a competent workforce and physical environment; the dementia care process, ie, respectful interaction underpinned by good knowledge about the care recipients in a calm, peaceful environment; and care outcome, ie, the social, psychological, and physical well-being of the care recipients. Interaction approaches used by caregivers in providing person-centered dementia care were classified according to the six purposes of interaction: to know and understand the care recipient, to keep the person happy and satisfied, to make the person feel safe and secure, to calm the person, to support self-identity, and to guide the person in conducting daily activities.Conclusion: The delivery of person-centered dementia care needs to consider organizational structure, the dementia care process, and care outcome which together foster a positive environment for meaningful interactions between caregivers and care recipients. The identified interaction approaches could be used by dementia care trainers to develop training materials.Keywords: dementia, framework, interaction, person-centered care
