Proton-induced secondary electron emission from elemental solids over the energy domain 1 keV–1000 MeV

Abstract

We propose a new model to calculate the proton-induced secondary electron yield (SEY) from elemental solids. The model combines the stopping power formula generated by Lindhard dielectric response function and a modified version of Bethe formula for electron stopping. The former works well at low energies while the latter at high energies. The present work further modifies the Bethe formula to adapt it to the proton stopping to complement the stopping formula generated by the dielectric theory. The combination of the stopping power formulae of the dielectric and Bethe theories are connected with the SEY formula of Batrakin et al. [Sov. Phys. JETP 62(3) (1985) 633–634] to frame the present new model. The proposed model is applied to calculate the SEY values of 18 elements with atomic numbers Zt = 3–83 over a broad energy domain 1 keV–1000 MeV. The present results show a reasonable agreement with the available experimental data and other calculations. Universal curves of the normalized SEY values against the reduced energy is drawn to verify the validity of our calculations. Keywords: Secondary electron emission, Stopping cross-sections, Dielectric theory, Bethe formula