The effects of combined training and activity in an enriched environment on the brain BDNF and VEGF protein levels in the pre-pubertal male rats

Abstract

Background. Neurotrophic factors play an important role in the brain plasticity. The brain developmental processes remarkably occur in the pre-pubertal period, and training interventions during this sensitive period may lead to specific effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training and activity in an enriched environment on the brain BDNF and VEGF protein levels in the pre-pubertal male rats. Methods. The pre-pubertal male Wistar rats (n=18) were randomly divided into three groups of combined training (CT), enriched environment (EE), and control (C) at postnatal day 22. The combined training included endurance and resistance physical exercises, which performed six days a week. A large cage with various rich stimuli (wheel running, ladder, toys, tunnels) was provided for voluntary physical activity in an enriched environment. The interventions lasted for three weeks, and the brain tissue (right hemisphere) was removed for biochemical evaluations. The BDNF and VEGF protein levels of the brain were measured by the western blotting method. Results. Significant differences found in the BDNF and VEGF levels in this study (P<0.01). The neurotrophic factors were significantly increased in the CT and EE groups. Although VEGF protein level increased in both groups, only enriched rats showed a significant difference. Conclusion. It can be concluded that combined training and voluntary physical activity in an enriched environment in the pre-pubertal period can effective in brain plasticity by increasing the neurotrophic factors.

Keywords

• enriched environment
• pre-pubertal period
• neurotrophic factors
• combined training
• brain plasticity