Agrology (Feb 2023)
Features of the action of a highly active chemical agent for new winter wheat genoytypes
Abstract
Abstract. The use of strong ecogenetic factors leads to incompletely predictable complex changes, requiring a detailed consideration of the mechanisms of their interaction with the subjects (genotypes) of the mutagenic impact, the relationship between individual indicators of variability, the nature of the chemical agent, its concentration, and genotype of the source material. Winter wheat seeds of eight varieties (Balaton, Borovytsia, Zelenyi Hai, Zoloto Ukrainy, Kalancha, Nyva Odeska, Polianka, Pochaina) were sibjected by DМS (dimethylmethansulfate) in 0.0125%, 0.0250%, and 0.0500% concentrations in water solution for 24 hours. The overall frequency and range of altered forms were analyzed, and the inheritance of the identified changes was verified in the subsequent generations. The studies have demonstrated that two varieties Zelenyi Hai and Kalancha are promising for further research in terms of the variability characteristics to optimize the yield of mutant forms. Depending on the indicators of variability, the response of other varieties in general demonstrated a plateau or a decrease in the variability with increasing concentration in the range of 0.025–0.050%, or the variability decreased significantly. In general, as an indicator of induced diversity, the level of variability, which reflects not only quantitative but also qualitative characteristics of the mutation process, is more effective. In most cases, the use of DMS within 0.025% is optimal. The mutagen causes a large number of useful changes such as short stature, productivity, early ripeness, which are model for the mutation process. However, they are often complex, occurring with negative mutations. In addition, undesirable is the high number of tall-stalked and sterile forms, which limits the practical aplication of this agent. It is planned to analyze hidden (micromutational) biochemical and physiological changes in the obtained lines, primarily in terms of resistance to abiotic factors, greater nutritional usefulness of the obtained forms in terms of the content of valuable microelements and protein components, clarifying the complexity of the observed changes and linking them with those recorded earlier
