Association of thyroid nodules with adiposity: a community-based cross-sectional study in China

Abstract

Abstract Background The association between thyroid nodules and adiposity remains controversial. We performed a cross-sectional, community-based study to examine whether thyroid nodules are associated with overweight and obesity, as defined with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Methods The study included 1482 subjects (≥20 years of age; residing in Nanjing, China) receiving questionnaire interview, anthropometric measurements, laboratory tests and thyroid ultrasonography in 2009–2010. Overweight and obesity were defined as BMI ≥24 and ≥28 kg/m2, respectively. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference at ≥90 cm in men and ≥80 cm in women. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 23 and ≥25 kg/m2). Results Thyroid nodules were identified in 12.6% of the subjects. A greater proportion of the subjects with thyroid nodules had a BMI at ≥24 kg/m2 (51.9% vs. 40.5% in those without thyroid nodules, P = 0.003) and central obesity (43.3% vs. 24.2%, P 4.2 mIU/L subgroup. Central obesity correlated with higher risk of thyroid nodules regardless of age ( 4.2 mIU/L (OR 3.05, 95%CI 1.01–9.22), and urine iodine ≥200 µg/L (OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.14–2.81). Conclusion Waist circumference is superior to BMI for assessing risk of thyroid nodules in Chinese subjects.

Keywords

• Thyroid nodules
• Body mass index
• Overweight
• Waist circumference
• Central obesity