Exergy optimization of a multi‐stage solar micro‐cogeneration system

Abstract

Abstract This paper proposes a dynamic model of a solar‐based micro‐cogeneration system called photovoltaic‐thermal (PVT) collector to perform a design optimization of the multi‐stage PVT system. The parametric study reveals the most important design parameters influencing the water‐based flat‐plate PVT system performance. The analysis also shows an existing trade‐off between thermal and electrical efficiencies during the PVT operation. A novel exergy‐based multi‐objective design optimization method is demonstrated to find a trade‐off design solution of the multi‐stage PVT collector which compromises between the electrical and thermal exergy efficiencies under different weather conditions. The electrical and thermal exergy efficiencies are defined to be the objective functions of the Matlab gamultiobj‐function, which is a multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm using non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm‐II (NSGA‐II). As a result of the algorithm, the Pareto optimal sets were derived that revealed the optimal solutions taking into account the trade‐off nature of the optimization problem. The decision‐making method called an ideal point method was used in the decision‐making process to find the final optimal solutions for different weather conditions. The results revealed that the optimal number of the PVT collectors in series depended on the weather conditions and decreased from 3 to 2 if the conditions got cooler.